Steps to treat long COVID

In the wake of the pandemic, an estimated 17% of patients are dealing with lingering health effects of the virus. “Long COVID” is characterized by persistent symptoms ranging from fatigue and brain fog to respiratory difficulties and organ dysfunction.

While most people recover within a few weeks, others grapple with a protracted and unpredictable course of illness. Weeks turn into months and sometimes years as patients navigate physical, cognitive and emotional challenges.

Long COVID symptoms can vary widely, affecting virtually every system in the body. Fatigue, perhaps the most common and debilitating symptom, can make the simplest tasks arduous. Cognitive dysfunction can impair memory, concentration and decision-making. Respiratory issues such as shortness of breath and chest pain may persist long after the virus has cleared the body.

A person with long COVID may experience other symptoms too, including palpitations, dizziness, gastrointestinal disturbances and joint pain. For others, the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. On top of it all, the psychological toll of a protracted illness can cause stress and anxiety, exacerbating symptoms and impeding recovery.

While there is no one-size-fits-all approach to treating long COVID, a multidisciplinary strategy focusing on symptom management, rehabilitation and holistic support is typically recommended.

The first step is a comprehensive evaluation by a physician. This may involve laboratory tests, imaging studies and consultations with various specialists, including pulmonologists, cardiologists, neurologists and mental health professionals. Here’s what to expect:

Symptom management. Treatment should address the person’s unique symptoms. This may include medications to alleviate pain, inflammation or other specific symptoms.

Therapy. A structured rehabilitation program will address physical deconditioning and functional impairment. Speech therapy or cognitive rehabilitation may benefit those experiencing cognitive difficulties.

Pacing and energy conservation. Balancing activity and rest, breaking tasks into manageable segments, and prioritizing activities based on priorities and goals help prevent symptom exacerbation and optimize energy levels.

Psychological support. Recognizing the psychological impact of long COVID is critical. Health-care professionals should provide appropriate support and resources. This may include cognitive-behavioral therapy to address anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress symptoms, as well as mindfulness-based interventions to promote stress reduction and resilience.

Nutrition. A balanced diet rich in nutrient-dense foods will support immune function, energy production and overall well-being.

Sleep. Follow good hygiene practices, such as a consistent sleep schedule, creating a restful sleep environment, and avoiding stimulants like caffeine and electronic devices before bedtime.

Social support. Facilitate connections with others experiencing long COVID through support groups, online forums or peer networks. Sharing experiences, coping strategies and resources can provide encouragement and a sense of community during recovery.

Army veteran Jennifer Campbell is a certified personal trainer with a master’s degree in nutrition education. She is past commander of the California Legion’s 24th District and Hollywood Post 43.